The Scientific evaluation of urban emergency response capacity is a critical step in enhancing urban resilience and the ability to response to unexpected events. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the life-cycle theory of emergency management, this study constructs an evaluation index system for urban emergency capability, encompassing the four stages of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The weights of 16 secondary indicators are determined, and a systematic analysis and quantitative assessment are conducted for each stage of emergency management and its key indicators. Case studies demonstrate that the constructed evaluation system not only comprehensively reflects the multidimensional characteristics of urban emergency capability but also reveals the strengths and weaknesses across the four stages.