It is of great practical significance to explore how B2B enterprises select suitable third-party logistics providers in the context of e-commerce. A multi-criteria decision-making model was established to evaluate and compare the comprehensive competitiveness of multiple third-party logistics providers by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The model considers key factors such as service quality, cost optimization, flexibility, technical capabilities and corporate responsibility. Subsequently, the selection process is further optimized by combining stochastic integer programming and robust optimization methods to ensure that business needs are met while maximizing cost-effectiveness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through case studies, providing scientific decision-making support for B2B enterprises in selecting third-party logistics in an e-commerce environment.