With the advancement of the innovation-driven development strategy, alumni resources, as an important form of social capital, have become a hot topic in both academia and practice concerning how to develop and utilize them effectively. Based on the theory of integrated innovation, a theoretical model for the high-quality development and utilization of alumni resources was constructed, incorporating the six elements of "government, industry, academia, research, application, and resources." The model aims to explore how policy guidance and multi-agent collaboration can enhance the efficiency of alumni resource utilization. Further, an evolutionary game analysis of the academia-research and industry-application entities under policy-driven conditions was conducted. This reveals the strategic choices between the supply chain and demand chain under the influence of the environmental chain, and the theoretical assumptions are verified through numerical simulation. Finally, three driving paths—policy support, alumni connections, and market orientation—are proposed to provide practical guidance for the high-quality utilization of alumni resources. The long-term effects and risks of the model was discussed, contributing to sustainable economic development and overall social progress.