The ecologicalization of prefabricated building industry plays an important role in promoting the coordinated development of industrial entities and the diversified transformation of industrial value. Through the analysis of the prefabricated building industry ecosystem, the industrial ecological symbiotic evolution model was established using the Logistic equation, and the growth curve of the model was simulated and fitted using Matlab software. Finally, a case analysis was conducted on the innovation ecosystem of the prefabricated building industry in Changsha. The results show that the symbiotic effect coefficient between each subject reflects the degree of interdependence and the closeness of the cooperative relationship between different subjects. The mutualistic symbiotic evolution model can give full play to the synergy between subjects, and targeted policies are put forward for the symbiotic evolution of the system, providing a reference for the symbiotic development of the prefabricated building industry.