With the development of information technology, data has become a valuable asset. Conducting a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the value of data assets has become a current research hotspot. Taking Internet enterprises as the research object, after comparing data asset evaluation methods, the multi-period excess earnings model was selected to evaluate the value of data assets of Internet enterprises. Due to the deficiencies of the traditional model such as unclear contribution amount and difficult determination of the income period, ANP (analytic network process) was introduced for secondary differential division to effectively subdivide the income contribution amount of data assets. The Pearl curve was used to determine the income period. An improved multi-period excess earnings method-based data asset value evaluation model for Internet enterprises is proposed. The research results show that the improved model can effectively solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation and provide methodological support for the asset value evaluation of Internet enterprises.