A comprehensive review of the research related to geothermal center tubes was provided and their key role were detailed in efficient geothermal heat transfer systems. Firstly, its structural design, such as the influence of center tube type, tube diameter size, tube wall thickness and tube structure on heat transfer efficiency and fluid flow, was discussed to ensure its long-term stable operation. In addition, the influence of material properties, including high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity, on the operation of geothermal systems was analyzed, and the current research status and application examples of centerpipes made of different materials were discussed. Finally, the future development trend of geothermal centerpipe was outlooked, emphasizing the importance of innovative materials and optimal design of manufacturing process in improving the efficiency of geothermal utilization and reducing costs.