Aiming to explore the influence of different dosages of SBS modifier on the indicators of modified asphalt, through testing the three major indicators, elastic recovery and post-aging indicators of SBS modified asphalt with different dosages, as well as the viscosity and rutting factor of SBS modified asphalt with different dosages at different temperatures, the impact of SBS modifier dosage on the indicators of modified asphalt was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the optimized design and application of modified asphalt. The experimental results show that with the increase of SBS dosage, the three major indicators, elastic recovery and ductility of modified asphalt exhibit different changing patterns. The viscosity of modified asphalt first increases significantly and then increases slowly, and the viscosity of modified asphalt reaches the optimum under an appropriate dosage. The rutting factor increases with the increase of SBS modifier dosage, but when the SBS dosage reaches a certain proportion, the rutting factor only increases slightly. This indicates that the pavement performance of modified asphalt does not continuously improve with the increase of modifier dosage. When the modifier dosage increases to a certain extent, the performance of some indicators may reach a peak or decline.