Taking A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2022 as a research sample, the relationship between ESG（environmental, social, and governance） practice and new quality productivity of enterprises was explored. It is found that strengthening ESG practice can significantly improve new quality productive forces of listed companies in China, and the conclusion is still valid after the robustness test. Enterprise ESG practice can help to improve new quality productive forces by alleviating financing constraints, reducing enterprise risks and enhancing external supervision. The results of the economic consequences test indicate that enhancing the new quality productivity of enterprises has a positive impact on market value and operating gross profit margin.