In order to solve the safety problem of aviation dangerous goods transportation, under the perspective of social responsibility, a three-party evolutionary game model with the subjects being the government, airlines and shippers was constructed, and the strategy choices under different conditions were analyzed. MATLAB was used to numerically simulate the important parameters to explore the effects of the sensitivity changes of the penalty, the government's active regulation cost, the success rate of active regulation, the airline's violation revenue and the shipper's management cost on the evolution of the system. The results show that the government's penalty and the success rate of active regulation are positive incentives for shippers and airlines, and the government should increase the penalty in order to effectively solve the safety problem of air dangerous goods transportation.