In response to the complex geological conditions of Yangquan Fifth Mine in Lu'an Chemical Group, which have resulted in the waste of a large amount of coal resources, the main reasons for the high loss rate of coal mines was analyzed. Targeted methods were proposed to improve coal mine resource recovery, including enhancing the foresight, accuracy, and effectiveness of geological prediction and forecasting, strictly formulating the management measures for top coal caving, reasonably adjusting the coal cutting and discharging processes, strengthening communication between functional departments and frontline production units, and enhancing supervision of coal transportation, washing and processing processes. By taking the above measures, the recovery of coal resources can improve greatly.