Constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for the level of new quality productivity in the Yellow River Basin, using the hierarchical vertical and horizontal grading method and the TOWA-GA mixed operator to dynamically measure the level of new quality productivity in 9 provinces in the basin from 2013 to 2022, and exploring the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the level of new quality productivity in the Yellow River Basin using kernel density estimation, Markov chain, Dagum Gini coefficient, and Moran index. The research results indicate that the overall level of new quality productivity in the Yellow River Basin has significantly increased; In the next year, there is a high probability that the level of new quality productivity in 9 provinces will remain unchanged; There are significant differences and spatial positive correlations in the level of new quality productivity between regions, showing heterogeneity, imbalance, and clustering limitations in spatial distribution.