To effectively address issues such as difficulties in material dispatching caused by emergencies, it is necessary to select the location for an emergency material reserve depot in H Province. Through literature analysis and expert interviews, a total of 14 secondary indicators was constructed across five categories, including natural factors, economic factors, and policy factors, among others. A hierarchical analysis method was used to determine the weights of these indicators, while a cloud model was employed to calculate the cloud parameters for different candidate locations. The results indicate that economic and natural factors carry greater weight within the evaluation system. Among the three candidate sites, Site Q has the highest evaluation rating and is thus considered the optimal location for the emergency material reserve depot. This conclusion offers decision-makers a solid scientific foundation for selecting an optimal location.