With the rapid development of the aviation industry, the service environment for aircraft has become increasingly harsh, and the demand for surface performance is higher than ever. Spraying is an important method to enhance properties such as corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and it is widely used in the aviation field. Compared to traditional manual spraying methods, automated spraying robots offer several advantages, including high precision, high efficiency, and consistent thickness, playing a more and more important role in the preparation of surface coatings for aircraft skins and engine components. The current application status and research progress of automated spraying technology in the aviation field were briefly described, and on this basis, the main technical challenges and future development trends were discussed.