How leaders reduce employees' sense of work alienation in uncertain environments is a hot topic of academic concern. Taking 494 employees as a sample and using a two-stage questionnaire, from the perspective of social exchange theory, the effect of leader perfectionism on employees' work alienation, as well as the intermediary mechanism and boundary conditions between superior-subordinate relationship and emotional exhaustion in the relationship between the two were explored. The results show that leader perfectionism has a significant positive effect on employees' sense of job detachment. Supervisory and subordinate relationships play a partial mediating role between leader perfectionism and job detachment. Emotional exhaustion positively moderates the effect of leader perfectionism on superior-subordinate relationships.