Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2022 as the research object, a research framework of “development evaluation-spatio-temporal differentiation-driving factors-improvement countermeasures” was constructed, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of the development level of digital logistics and its driving mechanism were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows. In terms of time, 2009 and 2015 are the cut-off points, and the development level of digital logistics in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a trend of slow decline, stable adjustment, and continuous improvement. The development level of digital logistics is divided into four levels, and the overall development is in the form of “high in the east and low in the west”, and the level change in the midstream region is the most obvious. In terms of driving mechanism, regional economy and transportation foundation have a significant direct positive effect on the development level of digital logistics, and regional economy, government regulation, opening up, human capital and industrial structure have significant spatial spillover effects on the development level of digital logistics. Some ideas are provided for promoting the coordinated development of digital logistics in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.