The establishment of Science and Technology Innovation Board not only provides a more convenient and transparent listing channel for companies to be listed, but also intensifies the competition among enterprises, resulting in the abuse of patent invalidation requests. Relevant factors from the enterprise level and patent level are introduced to systematically analyze the influencing factors and degree of invalid requests of the science and technology innovation board's proposed listed enterprises, which is helpful to effectively avoid invalid risks in the listing process. Through the integration of multiple databases, the sample data of the experimental group and the control group were obtained, and the binary Logistic regression model was used to empirically analyze the effect of various factors on the patent invalidation request of he science and technology innovation board's proposed listed enterprises. The results show that: from the analysis of the right subject, the smaller the scale of the enterprise is, the better the economic benefit is, the greater the probability of invalid request is, and the influence degree of enterprise scale is higher than that of economic benefit. From the perspective of the object of rights, the higher the patent economic quality, the higher the technical quality, and the lower the legal quality, the higher the probability of invalid claims, in which patent economic quality and technical quality are the main influencing factors. The research results can provide a useful reference for the patentee to effectively guard against the risk of patent invalidation and government agencies to optimize the patent quality by using the patent invalidation system.