The application of blockchain technology in agriculture has become a hot topic in domestic industrial planning and economic research. Based on the research results related to blockchain at home and abroad, the economic context of blockchain application in agriculture is systematically sort out from an economic perspective, and the economic logic of blockchain application in agriculture is analyzed. Research has shown that the current research on blockchain technology in agriculture mainly focuses on the fields of agricultural Internet of Things, agricultural big data, agricultural product security management, rural finance, agricultural industry chain, and agricultural supply chain. However, due to the fact that the application of blockchain technology in agriculture is still in its early stages, there are still some problems and controversies. Therefore, the next research focus is to establish an economic research system for the application of blockchain in agriculture, improve relevant research methods, deeply explore the application scenarios of blockchain in agriculture, and promote the standardized and reasonable application of blockchain in agriculture.