The analysis of accessibility and fairness of emergency shelter for urban residents can explore the balance of emergency resource layout within the region. Taking the fairness of emergency shelter for urban residents in Changchun City as the research object, accessibility and fairness models were adopted to analyze the accessibility and fairness of emergency shelter for residents.The results show that the high accessibility of emergency shelter for residents in Changchun City is located at the junction of the five districts of Lvyuan District, Kuancheng District, Chaoyang District, Nanguan District, and Erdao District.The Lorentz curve value in Changchun City deviates significantly from the absolute mean curve, with a Gini coefficient of 0.6682, indicating that the accessibility of emergency shelter for residents in Changchun City is highly uneven.