China is an important supplier of renewable energy products to the European Union (EU). The trade development as well as the trade competitiveness and complementarity of renewable energy product exports from China to the EU is analyzed. A gravity model is used to study the influencing factors and trade potential of renewable energy products. China showed a high competitiveness over Italy and a high complementarity with Germany. Solar products such as glass mirrors demonstrated relatively high competitiveness and complementarity as compared with other renewable energy products. The increase in renewable energy supply in the EU significantly improved the exports of Chinese renewable energy products. The exports of renewable energy products from China to the EU have limited space for expansion. Technological innovation is needed to find new growth opportunities in the trade of renewable energy products between China and the EU.