In this paper, a comprehensive measurement system of economic governance capacity was constructed, and the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was used to measure the economic governance capacity of 31 provinces in China (due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province) from 2012 to 2021, and the differences in time, space and region were analyzed by kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse technique and Gini coefficient. The study finds that China's economic governance capacity is steadily improving. In terms of time, there is no serious polarization phenomenon in each region and the differences between regions are still shrinking. In terms of space, the spatial distribution trend is to the northwest, and the spatial pattern has not changed greatly in the past ten years. From the perspective of regional differences, the regional differences in China's economic governance capacity have shown a downward trend in the past ten years, and the regional differences are the main source of the overall differences.