Based on the upper echelon theory and using data from companies listed on the GEM board from 2010 to 2020，the impact of CEOs' composite backgrounds on corporate dual innovation was empirically examined. It is found that CEOs with composite backgrounds have a significant positive influence on corporate dual innovation. R&D investment plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between CEOs' composite backgrounds and dual innovation. Digital transformation has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between CEOs with composite backgrounds and R&D investment. The importance of CEOs' background characteristics in corporate innovation and underscores the critical role of digital transformation in innovation activities were emphasized， and this provides valuable insights for enhancing innovation capabilities in businesses.