According to the 499 survey data in Fuzhou, based on the theory of planned behavior, the influencing factors of residents' participation in the construction of resilient communities in Fuzhou were studied by structural equation model analysis and OLS regression analysis. The results show that the overall participation behavior of residents in the construction of resilient communities in Fuzhou is low, and there is a deviation between participation willingness and participation behavior. Participation attitude, social norms, policy guidance and participation behavior control can have a significant positive impact on the willingness of residents to participate in the construction of resilient communities, and the degree of influence of policy guidance is the largest. Residents' participation behavior is affected by the participation willingness and participation behavior control, and the degree of influence of participation behavior control is greater. According to the empirical results, it is proposed that we should adhere to the guidance of party building and promote the implementation of policies in two aspects to promote residents' participation in the construction of resilient communities in Fuzhou.