The symbiotic evolutionary model of Shanghai-Macau vocational education ecosystem is of great importance for building a skill-based society and achieving Chinese-style modernization. A two- and three-subject Lotka-Volterra model of Shanghai-Macau vocational education ecosystem was constructed, the symbiotic pattern of Shanghai vocational education population and Macau vocational education population through numerical simulation were simulated, rural industry population was introduced to improve the resource richness of the system, and the impact of the addition of rural industry population on the evolution of Shanghai-Macau vocational education ecosystem was explored. The results show that the symbiotic subjects form a multi-loop symbiotic network, and the final outcome of the evolution is determined by the symbiosis coefficient of each subject in the system. Reciprocal symbiosis is the best symbiosis model, parasitic symbiosis and biased symbiosis are not sustainable symbiotic relationships. Under the reciprocal symbiosis model, the addition of rural industry populations not only promotes the evolution of Shanghai-Macau vocational education system, but also improves the resource richness. Under the reciprocal symbiosis model, the joining of rural industrial populations not only promotes the development of Shanghai-Macau vocational education, but also accelerates the development of rural industries. Geographical proximity is one of the important factors affecting Shanghai-Macau vocational education cooperation, but it is not a sufficient condition, and the suitability between cooperative subjects is more important. Finally, based on the findings of the study, policy recommendations are proposed for the Shanghai-Macau collaboration in building world class vocational and technical education.