As the manufacturing industry transforms towards intelligence and flexibility, collaborative robots, a robotic system that can work alongside humans have received widespread attention and application. An overview and analysis of the technological and industrial development of collaborative robots was provided. The development history of collaborative robots was reviewed, highlighting their importance in modern industrial and service sectors. Besides, the technological advancements of collaborative robots were analyzed, including planning and control, multimode sensing technology, robot skill learning and decision making idntrinsically safe and human-machine collaboration. Through a comparative analysis of industrial development both domestically and internationally, the trends in technology and industry development were forecasted, providing references and insights for the research and development in the field of collaborative robots.