With the vigorous construction of subway, it is inevitable to encounter situations such as underpass buildings, pile foundations, pipelines, and rivers during construction. Therefore, the requirements for shield tunneling construction parameters are becoming increasingly high, and the construction difficulty is gradually increasing. Taking the shield tunneling construction between Xingcun Station and Tangye South Station on Jinan Metro Line 4 as the engineering background, a three-dimensional numerical calculation model is constructed using ABAQUS finite element software to study the different excavation face support force settings and river displacement changes during the process of crossing the river channel. The research results show that: The excavation support force calculated under the theory of full covering soil has the best effect on controlling the settlement of the surface and river channels. Under different support forces, the maximum horizontal displacement of the strata occurs near the excavation face of the tunnel. The settlement of the strata above the centerline of the tunnel increases with the increase of burial depth.