The construction of free trade ports is a new milestone in China's economic reform and opening up, and it is also part of the country's major development strategy. The implementation of favorable policies is expected to attract a large number of mobile population to free trade port areas in pursuit of better economic opportunities and quality of life. In 2018, the total number of mobile population in Hainan Province was 2140244, and in 2022, the total number of mobile population was 3001955, with an average annual growth rate of 8.83%. Although the total number has significantly increased, its size is still relatively small.A questionnaire is designed and the SPSSAU statistical platform is utilized to analyze survey data, the key factors influencing the willingness of mobile population to stay under the background of Hainan free trade port construction are explored. It is found that job opportunities and housing burdens are important factors influencing the decision-making of mobile population.