The population size and educational resource distribution in China have formed a negative feedback cycle. Taking social macro dynamics as an analytical framework, based on data from 2000 to 2019, a system dynamics model of the interaction mechanism between population size and educational resource distribution is constructed using Vensim PLE software. The simulation results show that starting from 2024, the decline rate of population size will accelerate year by year, and the education market will experience structural shrinkage, with an increase in the total amount and speed of education resource investment, population size is sensitive to production levels. The distribution of educational resources in the market is sensitive to population growth rate, degree of power consolidation, degree of power centralization, and material educational resources. Based on this, adjustment strategies are proposed for promoting positive interaction between the two elements: maintaining high-quality economic development and reducing the cost of childbirth and upbringing. Fully liberalize childbearing. Consolidate the effectiveness of the "double reduction" policy and guide the demand for education.Reduce the centralization of power and leverage the advantages of the education market. Increase investment in educational resources, and promote the balance of high-quality educational resources.