Regional collaborative innovation is an important way to promote ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.Based on synergy theory and other theories,inter-regional collaboration data is innovatively adopted by the method of efficacy coefficient, an index system is constructed from three dimensions of innovation resources, collaborative cooperation and innovation achievements, and evaluates the regional collaborative innovation ability of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin.The results show that there are obvious differences in regional collaborative innovation ability in the Yellow River Basin, and the overall pattern is "strong in the east and weak in the west", and there is no good collaborative innovation linkage among provinces and regions.It is suggested to optimize the allocation of innovation resources, deepen the construction of the Yellow River Basin science and technology innovation corridor, and establish and improve institutional support.