Under the background of accelerating the reconstruction of global industrial chain, cultivating and developing “specialized and sophisticated” enterprises is the key to ensure the security and stability of industrial chain and supply chain, and enhance the modernization of the industrial chain, which plays an important supporting role in supplementing, strengthening, stabilizing, extending and smoothing the chain. Currently, the “specialized and sophisticated” enterprises have achieved remarkable development results, but they are also faced with difficulties such as lack of key technologies, insufficient integration and development, weak talent foundation, lack of financial support and insufficient international competitiveness. The role and current situation of “specialized and sophisticated” enterprises in the industrial chain reconstruction in China was systematically analyzed , and the countermeasures are put forward which provides strong support for improving the resilience and security level of industrial chain and supply chain, and constructs an autonomous and controllable, safe and reliable, competitive modern industrial system.