The continuous progress of digital technology such as Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and so on affects the rapid development of digital economy. Using big data thinking, with digital technology innovation as the core, the digital economy innovation and development index system is proposed from the three dimensions of quantitative, qualitative and penetrative, combined with entropy weight method, and construction of digital economy innovation and development index. Based on the patent data of high-tech enterprises in Guangdong Province, the digital economy innovation development index was measured from 2016 to 2022, and the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of digital economy innovation development in Guangdong Province were examined using spatial autocorrelation method and spatial lag model. The results of the study show that the overall digital economic innovation development shows an upward trend, but there are large differences in digital economic innovation in different cities; there are strong spatial correlations in digital economic innovation development; the main influencing factors of digital economic innovation development are the level of economic development, the level of opening up to the outside world, the rate of urbanization, and governmental scientific and technological funding.