国家重大科技攻关创新模式研究
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Research on National Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Models
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    摘要:

    高水平科技自立自强是中国式现代化建设的关键。当前美国将科技领域视为地缘博弈舞台,构建关键技术封锁网络。为突破封锁打压,打赢关键技术攻坚战,亟须探索总结产业、技术等不同层面创新发展路径。围绕不同创新主体、不同需求场景,从宏观、中观、微观角度提出三种创新模式,形成了关键核心技术错位协同攻关格局。具体表现为宏观层面为新型举国体制下的国家重大工程驱动发展模式,瞄准颠覆性前沿技术突破,掌握创新发展主动权;中观层面为多层次“链长制”发展模式,实现强链补链,提升产业链现代化水平;微观层面为常态化“揭榜挂帅”发展模式,以单点技术攻关,实现快速响应,激发内生潜力和创新活力,三种模式在商业航天领域均有着广泛的实践应用。基于此,研究从立足技术发展需求、打造产业生态“内循环”、铸造更多“大国重器”维度提出优化建议,增强关键核心技术能力。

    Abstract:

    Self-reliance on high-level science and technology is the key to Chinese path to modernization. At present, under the Cold War mentality, the United States regards the field of science and technology as a geopolitical game stage and builds a key technology blockade network. In order to break through the blockade and suppress, and win the battle for key technologies, it is urgent to explore and summarize innovative development paths at different levels such as industry and technology. Three innovation models from macro, meso and micro perspectives were proposed, focusing on different innovation entities and demand scenarios, forming a pattern of key core technology dislocation and collaborative research. Specifically, at the macro level, it is a national major engineering driven development model under the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, aiming for disruptive cutting-edge technological breakthroughs and mastering the initiative of innovative development. At the meso level, it adoptes a multi-level "Chain Length System" development model to achieve strong and complementary chains, and enhance the modernization level of the industrial chain. At the micro level, it adoptes a normalized " the Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates" development model, using single point technological breakthroughs to achieve rapid response, stimulate endogenous potential and innovative vitality. The three models have extensive practical applications in the commercial aerospace field. Through innovative models and practical analysis in different scenarios, suggestions for further optimization of different models are proposed from the perspectives of focusing on technological development needs, creating an "Internal Circulation" of the industrial ecosystem, and casting more "the Pillars of a Great Power" to enhance key core technological capabilities.

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李冰,李宏伟.国家重大科技攻关创新模式研究[J].科技与产业,2024,24(10):1-8

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-24