It is of great significance to clarify the intrinsic characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural economic resilience to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. Taking the Yellow River Basin as an example, the entropy value method and obstacle degree model were used to evaluate the resilience of agricultural economy from 2012 to 2021. The results shows that the resilience of agricultural economy in the Yellow River Basin show an overall upward trend, with significant spatial differences, among which Shandong and Henan performed the best, while Gansu and Ningxia is needed to be improved. The gap in agricultural economic resilience is gradually widening, and the differences are mainly due to regional differences. The intensity of fiscal support for agriculture, rural consumption capacity, and the proportion of primary industry are the main obstacles affecting the resilience of agricultural economy in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen fiscal support for agriculture, optimize the structure of agricultural industry, and promote the resilient and coordinated development of agricultural economy.