In the northwest of Liaoning Province, soil water evaporation is an important reason for soil water loss and land drought. Inhibiting soil water evaporation has become one of the key factors to improve agricultural production.The study on the effect of gravel and straw mulching on the water evaporation characteristics of aeolian sandy soil can not only clarify the influence mechanism of sand and straw mulching with different thickness on the soil water evaporation of aeolian sandy soil with different initial moisture content in Northwest Liaoning, but also provide some basic data for exploring the best mode to inhibit the soil water evaporation of aeolian sandy soil in Northwest Liaoning. Taking the aeolian sandy soil in the northwest of Liaoning Province as the research object, the indoor evaporation simulation test of 20 days was carried out with the self-made evaporation bucket to study the variation law of soil evaporation with evaporation time. In this experiment, it is considered that 3cm sand gravel mulching mode is more suitable for the windy sandy land in Northwest Liaoning.