A residential building under construction on top of a garage section of an underground metro line one in Nanjing is taken as the research object, exploring the impact of vibration from the metro entering and exiting the garage on the overlying building. Through field testing and numerical simulation, the vibration response of the under-construction building under different working conditions and the limit range of indoor vibration acceleration are predicted. The simulation results show that by using the bottom acceleration method to input the vibration of the measured track and concrete columns into the computational model, the three-directional displacement changes of the under-construction building can be obtained, and the structural vulnerable locations and early warning analysis can be conducted to determine the building's safety. Through simulating eight working conditions, the acceleration response effective values and acceleration levels at the center frequencies of one-third octave bands within the frequency range of 1～80 Hz for each building floor are calculated, obtaining the specific coordinates of areas with significant impact on residential comfort.The research results have reference significance for structural damping and improving comfort.