The New R&D institutions in China are experiencing a period of rapid growth. In the future, the construction goal of New R&D institutions should gradually realize the transformation from quantitative construction to high-quality development.In order to promote the construction of high-level New R&D institutions and independent sustainable development, the developmental process and local construction practices in China are examined from a policy perspective, their development rules and construction paradigms are analyzed. The results are as follows the functional orientation has transitioned from a primary emphasis on market-driven technological innovation to encompass a broader range of functions, including scientific research, technological innovation, and R&D services. The authorization of New R&D institutions is mainly based on the review and certification or registration and filing. The main types of registration are enterprises and institutions. The construction modes are mainly divided into three categories: joint construction by the central government and local governments, local government-led construction, and large-scale enterprise-led construction. Diversified financing is a significant feature of New R&D institutions. The governance structure follows a board of directors (or council) decision-making system, with the dean (or director) being held accountable to the board (or council). The employment mechanism is flexible, diverse, and market-oriented. Continuous value output is crucial for the sustainable development of New R&D institutions. Based on policy analysis and local construction practice, relevant policy recommendations are proposed from the perspective of functional positioning, financing model, personnel mechanism, and nurturing and development of New R&D institutions.