In the post-poverty era, preventing people from returning to poverty on a large scale has become a bottom line requirement, especially for the western region, which was once deeply poor and took off the cap late. Based on the current representative results in the field of anti-poverty, through literature study, field investigation and semi-structured interview and other research methods, the risk of returning to poverty of 183 families in X County, Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province was assessed from three dimensions of income level, income fluctuation and “level-to-fluctuation” of income. Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects, including policy, industry, medical care and insurance, in order to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation in the northwest minority areas, complete the goals and tasks of the “three rural areas” work during the five-year transition period.