With the accelerated pace of the integration and development of the publishing industry, research and innovation have become powerful tools to enhance the internal development of the publishing industry, and they will deeply empower the construction of a thriving culture and digital China. In order to objectively evaluate the research and development capabilities of publishing enterprises, the entropy method was used to construct an evaluation system for measuring the research and development capabilities of 17 listed publishing and media enterprises in China. By analyzing the evaluation results, it is found that publishing enterprises have problems such as insufficient investment in research and development, low input-output ratio, inconsistent accounting standards, and inconsistent technical standards. Suggestions are proposed for addressing these issues, and helping Chinese publishing and media enterprises be better in innovatively research and development and achieve high-quality development.