This study aims to promote the green development of China's civil aviation and achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. By constructing an evolutionary game model involving the government, airport enterprises, and civil aviation transport enterprises, different scenarios were investigated to identify stable evolutionary strategies for each party. Numerical simulations were used to analyze the impact of key parameter changes on strategic choices. The research indicates that government incentive measures and penalty strength can facilitate green development, but excessively high or low subsidies are detrimental to the adoption of green strategies by civil aviation transport enterprises. Therefore, tailored incentive policies should be formulated by the government based on the cost structures of airport enterprises and civil aviation transport enterprises to support the sustainable development of green civil aviation.