In order to establish every province’s input-output efficiency of R&D,DEA is applied to the industrial enterprises above designated size in ten provinces in eastern China. Based on this, Gray correlation analysis were used to recognize the relationship between input-output index of R&D and DEA technical efficiency. The results are as follows. 80% of provinces are non DEA efficient, and they have various degree of input redundancy and output deficiency of R&D; the number of patent applications for invention has the highest correlation with R&D input-output efficiency, followed by new product sales revenue and internal R&D spending.