With the all-round transformation of the governance context of poverty eradication, in order to consolidate the results of the stage, the study of key influencing factors and policies is of practical significance for the economic development and policy implementation effects in the western region. Selecting Baiyin and Jinchang City with regional characteristics and combining the field research data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, we construct a multidimensional indicator evaluation system for the current development status of farm households under the sustainable livelihood theory. Random Forest, XGBoost, and shapley additive explanation（SHAP ）models is used to screen, identify, and validate the key factors and the importance of characteristics, combined with the effect of policy implementation in Gansu Province, feasibility suggestions are made, providing a direction for the development and implementation of regional sustainable development policies in the countryside.