In order to study the surface deformation during the construction of the pipe jacking group of the underpass high-speed railway, through three-dimensional numerical simulation and on-site monitoring, the surface deformation law in the case of the pipe jacking construction of the underpass high-speed railway is analyzed, and the surface subsidence control measures are proposed through the analysis of relevant influencing factors.The research shows that during the pipe jacking construction, the surface deformation within the 3 times the pipe diameter range is obviously affected by the construction, and the maximum deformation point occurs at the pipe jacking axis of the jacking section. When the distance from the pipe axis is greater than 3 times the pipe diameter , the surface settlement gradually converges to zero.The trend of lateral settlement is U-shaped, and the settlement decreases as the distance from the jacking surface increases, but the distribution of deformation remains basically unchanged. During the working time of closed section, the ground surface was significantly deformed after the train was opened for 24 hours, and the ground surface deformation basically stabilized after the train was operated for 48 hours. Due to the influence of pipe-soil interaction, the theoretical calculation results of surface settlement are slightly smaller than the numerical simulation results, and it is suggested that Terzaghi theory should be preferred for the calculation of soil pressure of micro-pipe jacking under complex formation conditions.