Historical and cultural heritage not only speaks vividly of the past, but also profoundly influences the present and the future.??531 national key cultural relic protection units in Shanxi Province were selected as the research object, and the spatial-temporal pattern level influencing factors of cultural relic protection units were analyzed by using ArcGIS spatial analysis method.??The results show that the national key cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province are clustered and distributed, mainly in Taiyuan and Jinzhong, Yuncheng and Linfen, and Changzhi and Jincheng three core areas, concentrated in the Song, Yuan and Ming and Qing dynasties.??The spatial distribution characteristics of national key cultural relic protection units in Shanxi Province have significant differences in different historical periods.??The distribution of national key cultural relics protected units in Shanxi Province is significantly affected by terrain factors, showing the characteristics of waterborne, political and economic factors, religious and cultural beliefs and construction technology also have certain effects on the distribution.