Based on “agriculture, rural areas and farmer’s subject” and “production-living-ecological ”space,the index system is constructed.The high-quality development level of agriculture in 75 districts and counties in Anhui Province is evaluated by entropy method from 2010 to 2020, and the influencing factors are explored by obstacle degree model and other methods. The results show that the pattern of agricultural high quality development level in Anhui is higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, and the development center is shifted to the northwest. The high -quality development level of agriculture is increasingly hampered by ecological and environmental factors, with serious problems such as low efficiency, high pollution and structural imbalance. Among all environmental factors, topographic relief has strong interaction with cultivated land area and total water resources, so it is suggested to pay more attention to the protection of cultivated land and the construction of water conservancy facilities.