Based on the three-stage data envelopment(DEA) model combined with the Malmquist index method, the science and technology service industry of 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2019 is taken as the research object to measure and decompose its development efficiency and total factor productivity. The factors affecting the development efficiency of science and technology service industry is empirically analyzed by using the Tobit model. The results show that there is a significant gap in the development of science and technology service industry in various cities in Hubei Province, and a good resource allocation mechanism and science and technology service industry system have not yet formed. It is necessary to strengthen resource input and reasonable allocation, ensure the improvement of scale efficiency and the synchronous growth of technological progress, promote in-depth exchanges between regions to realize resource sharing, and truly promote the high-quality development of science and technology service industry in Hubei province.