The high-quality development characteristics of national-level new districts as the growth poles and power sources of regional development were summarized into four dimensions, which were structural optimization, innovation-driven, open collaboration, and quality improvement. The four dimensions were used as primary indicators to build a comprehensive evaluation index system for high-quality development of national-level new districts containing 20 secondary indicators, and the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to carry out empirical research on 19 national-level new districts in China. The results show that the comprehensive level of high-quality development of the national-level new districts is significantly different, basically showing a distribution pattern of gradient decline from the southeast to the northwest and from the coast to the inland; the development of the national-level new districts in the four dimensions is uneven. In particular, the scores of innovation-driven and open collaboration dimensions have a large degree of dispersion, showing obvious spatial heterogeneity.