The quality safety supervision of import mineral products is an important function of customs to serve the national economic development, and safeguard the people's health and property safety. With the development of new situation and new business forms, the contradiction between "good and fast" of mineral products supervision and customs clearance tends to be increasingly prominent, which brings a severe test for customs to perform duties with high quality and efficiency. Therefore, taking the quality safety supervision of imported mineral products as the starting point, on the basis of sorting and analysis of the risk composition in this field, combining the case-based reasoning technology with the quality safety risk management and control of mineral products, an effective risk early warning and disposal mechanism was established, so as to improve the guard and service quality and efficiency of customs in the field of imported mineral products, and useful ideas and reference for establishing risk prevention and control mechanisms in the other field of national security are provided.