Intelligent manufacturing provides a new path for upgrading the textile industry. Based on the analysis of the correlation and theoretical mechanism between the two, an intelligent manufacturing index and a textile industry upgrading index were constructed for empirical testing using relevant data from eight provinces from 2006 to 2019 to verify the mediating effect between the two. The empirical results show that: Intelligent manufacturing significantly promotes the upgrading of the textile industry. Intelligent manufacturing can effectively optimize and upgrade the regional human capital structure, thereby promoting the upgrading of the regional textile industry. The study believes that accelerating the integration of intelligent technology with the textile industry can help promote the upgrading of the regional textile industry and accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.