Leading technological innovation is a new technological innovation paradigm that can trigger technological breakthroughs or industrial subversion. Only by continuously strengthening leading technological innovation can Hunan's advantageous industries maintain a leading position in technology and remain invincible in the market. On the basis of defining the connotation and characteristics of leading technological innovation, the inevitability of leading technological innovation in Hunan's advantageous industries wad analyzed, and three major propulsion models of leading technological innovation in Hunan's advantageous industries were explored, which were enterprise lead, chain collaboration and government lead. By analyzing the main obstacles of leading technological innovation of Hunan's advantageous industries, we can know that the efficient path to promote leading technological innovation of Hunan's advantageous industries lies in strengthening the leading enterprises in science and technology, cultivating high-quality innovative talents and building the Chang-Zhu-Tan independent innovation demonstration zone.