Under the background of " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", the new energy vehicle industry has become a new opportunity for the automobile industry transformation, upgrading, reform and innovation of Hubei Province. Through the simulation analysis of the market stock of new energy vehicles in Hubei province, it is found that the scale of new energy vehicles in Hubei Province presents an increasing trend. In 2028, the purchase intention of new energy vehicles will exceed the purchase intention of traditional fuel vehicles, and it will become the mainstream of the automobile market in Hubei Province in the future. On this basis, the simulation analysis of the benefits of the new energy vehicle industry in Hubei Province shows that the negative effect of consumer environmental benefits is the main reason for the negative impact on the environment, and the economic benefit of production enterprises is the main influencing factor for the reduction of comprehensive benefits.