Based on the relevant data of China's paper and paperboard exports from 2000 to 2020, the multiple regression model is used to empirically analyze the factors that affect China's paper and paperboard export prices. The results show that the import price of recovered paper, the price of other competitors, the concentration of exports, and the exchange rate are the key factors affecting the export price of China's paper and paperboard. The heterogeneity analysis of China's three main export varieties shows that the main factors affecting the export price of carton board are the import price of recovered paper, capital cost, export concentration, and exchange rate; the export price of coated printing paper is affected by the import price of wood pulp, the global demand for coated printing paper, foreign trade dependence, and exchange rate; the export price of case material paper is jointly influenced by the import price of recovered paper, foreign trade dependence, exchange rate, and environmental protection. Based on this,some countermeasures and suggestions is put forward to enhance the export competitiveness of paper and board.